Basic earnings per share and Diluted earnings per share: An ordinary share is an equity instrument that is subordinate to all other classes of equity instruments. A potential ordinary share is a financial instrument or other contract that may entitle its holder to ordinary shares.
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Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share shall be calculated by dividing profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent entity (the numerator) by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding (the denominator) during the period. Must Read Dual Aspect Concept.
To calculate basic earnings per share, the amounts attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent entity in respect of:
- (a) profit or loss from continuing operations attributable to the parent entity; and
- (b) profit or loss attributable to the parent entity
shall be the amounts in (a) and (b) adjusted for the after-tax amounts of preference dividends, differences arising on the settlement of preference shares, and other similar effects of preference shares classified as equity.
Where any item of income or expense which is otherwise required to be recognized in profit or loss following Indian Accounting Standards is debited or credited to securities premium account/other reserves, the amount in respect thereof shall be deducted from profit or loss from continuing operations to calculate basic earnings per share.
To calculate basic earnings per share, the number of ordinary shares shall be the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. (Paragraph 19 of the Standard)
The weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period and for all periods presented shall be adjusted for events, other than the conversion of potential ordinary shares that have changed the number of ordinary shares outstanding without a corresponding change in resources. (Paragraph 26 of the Standard). You may also like Accounts and its Classification.
Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share shall be calculated by an entity by adjusting profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent entity, and the weighted average number of shares outstanding, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.
Dilution is a reduction in earnings per share or an increase in loss per share resulting from the assumption that convertible instruments are converted, that options or warrants are exercised, or that ordinary shares are issued upon the satisfaction of specified conditions.
To calculate diluted earnings per share, the number of ordinary shares shall be the weighted average number of ordinary shares calculated following paragraphs 19 and 26, plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be issued on the conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares.
Potential ordinary shares shall be treated as dilutive when, and only when, their conversion to ordinary shares would decrease earnings per share or increase loss per share from continuing operations.
An entity uses profit or loss from continuing operations attributable to the parent entity as the control number to establish whether potential ordinary shares are dilutive or anti-dilutive. In determining whether potential ordinary shares are dilutive or anti-dilutive, each issue or series of potential ordinary shares is considered separately rather than in aggregate. Must Check Rectification of Errors.
Retrospective adjustments
If the number of ordinary or potential ordinary shares outstanding increases as a result of a capitalization, bonus issue, or share split, or decreases as a result of a reverse share split, the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for all periods presented shall be adjusted retrospectively. If these changes occur after the reporting period but before the financial statements are approved for the issue, the per-share calculations for those and any prior period financial statements presented shall be based on the new number of shares.
